About Smoking

SMOKING AND LUNG CANCER - RELATED TO ONE CHAIN?

140 more years ago, lung cancer was a rarity, and the men who were ill with them, and only men, were demonstrated at major medical conferences. But by the middle of the twentieth century, lung cancer among British subjects in terms of morbidity overtook tuberculosis and became "purely English" and exclusively a male disease. As risk factors for lung cancer, researchers considered all sorts of reasons, but not smoking tobacco. In 1948, British scientists Richard Doll and Bradford Hill conducted the first epidemiological study. The conclusions shocked: lung cancer develops only in smokers, while 80% of British men smoke and only 0.5% of the population has never tasted tobacco. And the risk of developing a tumor is proportional to the number of cigarettes smoked: for those smoking more than 25 cigarettes a day, the risk of getting sick was 50 times higher. Dr. Doll, Shocked by the results, he himself quit smoking and others recommended, but his cancer still "caught up": the scientist died of a lung tumor at 92 years old, confirming the results of his own study. In 2004, who continued to work actively, Sir Richard Doll published the results of a 50-year observation of almost 35,000 British smokers. The study proved that smoking men are twice as likely to die before they reach the age of 70. The refusal of a bad habit at the age of 60 lengthened life by 3 years, the refusal of 50 years added 6 years of life, at the age of 40 added 9 years, well, and with unconditional refusal to smoke not later than the 30th anniversary, one could hope for 10 additional years of life . Why do not all smokers suffer from cancer? Since the middle of the last century, doctors have been convinced that lung cancer is provided only to malicious smokers. Those who lived to a very advanced age, smokers were considered a mistake of nature, somehow strayed from the deadly path beaten by tobacco. In the present century, Russians confirmed the practice of the conclusions of British scientists: the transition in the late 80's from the vigorous Soviet tobacco to foreign producers responded to a decrease in the incidence of lung cancer, but rather, the time to the development of a malignant tumor simply increased. American researchers did not begin to wonder why they did not get sick, but studied the genomes of the 90th anniversary of 90 elderly smokers and 6447 non-smoking long-livers. Discovered a network of 215 polymorphic genes that allow smoking and not contracting lung cancer, promising to meet the 90th anniversary and step over the centenary. Of course, it is not 100% to get all these pleasant preferences, but with some probability, For example, the probability of not getting cancer at 11%, and living more than 90 years - 22%. Unusual combinations of genes, apparently, affect the resistance of the body to diseases and negative factors of the environment. Many of these genes were known earlier, they were called "longevity genes". Unique genes have slowed the aging of experimental animals that live longer than their relatives. True, it remains to be seen what biochemical reactions are controlled by these gene networks, and how the protective effect is realized. Lung cancer in women who never smoked Women at the end of the twentieth century, women rarely suffered from lung cancer, as a rule, an unpleasant exception to the rule was made by never-smelling Asian women. Clinical failure with an innovative antitumor drug, Which turned out to be completely useless in one group of patients, while in the other the convincing result was demonstrated, made the scientists "penetrate" into the genomes of lung tumors. There were three genetic variants associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in non-smokers. The lung cancer suffered from cancer of two segments of the sixth chromosome and one section of the tenth chromosome, but there was no change in the site of the fifteenth chromosome characteristic of the "male" cancer of the smoker. Women with altered chromosomes were Asian blood and never smoked, and the drug did not exert any positive influence on their tumors. This study developed cancer chemotherapy to actively study the genetic and other features of malignant tumors, And today before the prescription of the medicine it is necessary to clearly represent the genotype of each tumor so that the treatment does not become vain. The appearance of a person is determined by its genotype, but variants are possible, and none of the Russians are able to vouch that there were no Asians in his ancestors. Cancer Records According to the latest forecasts of Italian and Swiss researchers, in 2015 for the first time the death rate from lung cancer in Europe will exceed the death rate from breast cancer. Since 2009, the mortality rate of European women against lung cancer has increased by 9%, while in breast cancer it decreased by 10.2%. During the last five-year period in 28 countries of the European Union, the mortality from malignant tumors has been steadily declining: the male has fallen by 7.5% and the female by 6%. The worst indicator for Britons, Where 21 out of 100,000 women die from lung cancer, and Poles - 17, Spaniards get sick less often, and only 8 out of a hundred thousand die, but this is also not considered a good indicator. Why did it happen so? Scientists suggest that all is to blame for smoking. During the Second World War, British women began to smoke to forget the horrors of bombing. Most Europeans started smoking after 1968, then it became fashionable. Englishwomen are leading in the incidence of lung cancer, because young people have added to the cohort of survivors of the war and who have lit from grief. The peak of cancer mortality was recorded in Europe in 1988, since then the development of cancer science has reduced the mortality rate of men by 26%, women - by 21%. Do not "keep up" with the statistics are only lung and pancreatic cancer in women, and morbidity and mortality are increasing.

Source:  http://www.euroonco.ru/patcientam/profilaktika-raka/kurenie-rak-lyogkogo

PATIENTS WITH CANCER OF LUNGS THAT MOVED TO SMOKE, LIVE LONGER

July 15, 2015 at 15:25 Lung cancer patients who quit smoking shortly before or after diagnosis, live longer, regardless of the severity of the disease. Such data were obtained during a study conducted at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute (Roswell Park Cancer Institute), the results are published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology (Journal of Thoracic Oncology). The Roswell Park Cancer Institute uses a unique program that actively identifies all smokers who are admitted to the thoracic center for treatment, provide counseling services to get rid of bad habits. Using data obtained during the implementation of the program, the researchers conducted a study in which 250 patients took part. Among those, Who recently quit smoking alone (50 patients) or after consultations (71 patients), the survival rate was higher than among those who continued to smoke. The median survival rate among patients who reported that they quit smoking was 28 months, compared to 18 months among those who could not or did not want to give up tobacco. After that, the scientists again analyzed the indicators, taking into account the demography, stage of the disease and the health status of the participants in the study. Mary Reid, head of the study: "According to our data, this is the first study of the effect of cessation of tobacco use on life expectancy among patients with lung cancer." Scientists also suggested that survival rates increase in patients who could not completely abandon tobacco, but are making attempts to quit smoking. Mortality among those who "broke" and returned to a bad habit, was the same as among those who continued to smoke. Information on the use of tobacco by patients is rarely collected in such a standardized, prospective way that in future it can be used to conduct clinical research and evaluate outcomes, according to Dr. Reed. Taking into account the effect of smoking cessation on survival in lung cancer, methods of controlling tobacco use and help services in getting rid of bad habits should be introduced into the standards of clinical practice, the researchers say. This will improve the survival and quality of life of patients. Source: sciencedaily.com Information on the use of tobacco by patients is rarely collected in such a standardized, prospective way that in future it can be used to conduct clinical research and evaluate outcomes, according to Dr. Reed. Taking into account the effect of smoking cessation on survival in lung cancer, methods of controlling tobacco use and help services in getting rid of bad habits should be introduced into the standards of clinical practice, the researchers say. This will improve the survival and quality of life of patients. Source: sciencedaily.com Information on the use of tobacco by patients is rarely collected in such a standardized, prospective way that in future it can be used to conduct clinical research and evaluate outcomes, according to Dr. Reed. Taking into account the effect of smoking cessation on survival in lung cancer, methods of monitoring tobacco use and help services in getting rid of bad habits should be introduced into the standards of clinical practice, the researchers say. This will improve the survival and quality of life of patients. Source: sciencedaily.com Methods to control the use of tobacco and helpdesk in getting rid of bad habits should be introduced into the standards of clinical practice, the researchers say. This will improve the survival and quality of life of patients. Source: sciencedaily.com Methods to control the use of tobacco and helpdesk in getting rid of bad habits should be introduced into the standards of clinical practice, the researchers say. This will improve the survival and quality of life of patients. Source: sciencedaily.com

Source:  http://www.euroonco.ru/science-news/bolnye-rakom-legkih-kotorye-brosili-kurit